Dear friends,
The dissolution of the monasteries in England became the father of a real "cultural genocide".
It began after the approval of Act of Supremacy, the act that King Henry VIII Tudor (1491-1547) had been approved by the British Parliament November 3, 1534.
This is the original text:
It began after the approval of Act of Supremacy, the act that King Henry VIII Tudor (1491-1547) had been approved by the British Parliament November 3, 1534.
This is the original text:
"Albeit the king's Majesty justly and rightfully is and ought to be the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is recognized by the clergy of this realm in their convocations, yet nevertheless, for corroboration and confirmation thereof, and for increase of virtue in Christ's religion within this realm of England, and to repress and extirpate all errors, heresies, and other enormities and abuses heretofore used in the same, be it enacted, by authority of this present Parliament, that the king, our sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted, and reputed the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England, called Anglicans Ecclesia; and shall have and enjoy, annexed and united to the imperial crown of this realm, as well the title and style thereof, as all honors, dignities, preeminences, jurisdictions, privileges, authorities, immunities, profits, and commodities to the said dignity of the supreme head of the same Church belonging and appertaining; and that our said sovereign lord, his heirs and successors, kings of this realm, shall have full power and authority from time to time to visit, repress, redress, record, order, correct, restrain, and amend all such errors, heresies, abuses, offenses, contempts and enormities, whatsoever they be, which by any manner of spiritual authority or jurisdiction ought or may lawfully be reformed, repressed, ordered, redressed, corrected, restrained, or amended, most to the pleasure of Almighty God, the increase of virtue in Christ's religion, and for the conservation of the peace, unity, and tranquility of this realm; any usage, foreign land, foreign authority, prescription, or any other thing or things to the contrary hereof notwithstanding.".
Now, here we generated a lot of confusion. On the one hand, there were people who (as the minister and Earl of Essex Thomas Cromwell and the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer) who wanted to bring the Protestant Reformation. However, the king was against. King Henry VIII broke with the Papacy for not a rejection of dogma but for the fact that the Pope had annulled the marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536) and from a dogmatic point of view did not break with Catholicism. As he thought the bishops to so much of the old clergy. The hard core of the old clergy they were just the monks.Then, the wily Cromwell did implement a measure of legal advice. In 1534, he was forced to give permission to the king to visit the monasteries. The pretext was that to warn the monks and nuns of the new ecclesiastical rules that would be established by the Act of Supremacy. In January 1535, the authority of Cromwell was delegated to a committee of lay people. This created great consternation, for the fact that he was a layman to do these things.In fact, these "visitors" were the figures that serve to discredit the monks and nuns in this way:
Cromwell (the wise guy who knew even our country, Italy) made a report in which they were cited scandals real or imagined.
In 1536, according to this report, the Parliament issued a law with which they confiscated the smaller monasteries, those who made less than 200 pounds.
However, the greed of the king did not stop and the dissolution of the monasteries continued, despite the protests and riots, which in the north still Catholic became very frequent.
In 1539 it was the turn of the great monasteries, such as Glastonbury Abbey.
It is estimated that about 5,000 monks, friars in 1600 and in 2000 the sisters were put on board.
So many of them were put to serve the parishes.
Many of them, however, suffered.
The last abbot of Glastonbury, Richard Whiting was sentenced to death in November 15, 1539.
Now, the dissolution of the monasteries did not lead to the Crown riches hope.
The sale of the monastic lands to nobles who would become allies of the Protestant Reformation of the period of King Edward VI (1547-1553) yielded only 37,000 pounds, a quarter of the income they were getting monks.
Politically, however, the dissolution of the monasteries led to the elimination of opponents of the Protestant Reformation.
The monks, in fact, opposed to the religious reforms of the next period.
Moreover, with the dissolution of the monasteries, was reduced the presence and influence of the clergy in Parliament.
On the cultural level, it was a genocide.
Many works of art and literature of the Middle Ages, the English were lost.
Were lost many writings of the life of the English Middle Ages.
Were also destroyed relics and works of art.
Entire era was destroyed within four years.
Kind regards.
Bibliography:
http://clasmerdin.blogspot.it/2011/11/last-abbot-of-glastonbury.html .
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissoluzione_dei_monasteri_in_Inghilterra .
http://www.britainexpress.com/History/tudor/supremacy-henry-text.htm .
Now, here we generated a lot of confusion. On the one hand, there were people who (as the minister and Earl of Essex Thomas Cromwell and the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer) who wanted to bring the Protestant Reformation. However, the king was against. King Henry VIII broke with the Papacy for not a rejection of dogma but for the fact that the Pope had annulled the marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon (1485-1536) and from a dogmatic point of view did not break with Catholicism. As he thought the bishops to so much of the old clergy. The hard core of the old clergy they were just the monks.Then, the wily Cromwell did implement a measure of legal advice. In 1534, he was forced to give permission to the king to visit the monasteries. The pretext was that to warn the monks and nuns of the new ecclesiastical rules that would be established by the Act of Supremacy. In January 1535, the authority of Cromwell was delegated to a committee of lay people. This created great consternation, for the fact that he was a layman to do these things.In fact, these "visitors" were the figures that serve to discredit the monks and nuns in this way:
- Monks and nuns lived in luxury committing all manner of sins.
- Monks and nuns were proponents of superstitions and sorcerers.
- These same monks and nuns were exploiting the labor of the people without giving anything in return, and so were a detriment to the economy of England. In practice, I may be permitted a license, these words anticipated two centuries what they said Robespierre and Saint Just and four centuries what they said Lenin, Stalin and Palmiro Togliatti.
- If the king had taken possession of the goods of the monasteries, one could abolish the taxes for the people.
Cromwell (the wise guy who knew even our country, Italy) made a report in which they were cited scandals real or imagined.
In 1536, according to this report, the Parliament issued a law with which they confiscated the smaller monasteries, those who made less than 200 pounds.
However, the greed of the king did not stop and the dissolution of the monasteries continued, despite the protests and riots, which in the north still Catholic became very frequent.
In 1539 it was the turn of the great monasteries, such as Glastonbury Abbey.
It is estimated that about 5,000 monks, friars in 1600 and in 2000 the sisters were put on board.
So many of them were put to serve the parishes.
Many of them, however, suffered.
The last abbot of Glastonbury, Richard Whiting was sentenced to death in November 15, 1539.
Now, the dissolution of the monasteries did not lead to the Crown riches hope.
The sale of the monastic lands to nobles who would become allies of the Protestant Reformation of the period of King Edward VI (1547-1553) yielded only 37,000 pounds, a quarter of the income they were getting monks.
Politically, however, the dissolution of the monasteries led to the elimination of opponents of the Protestant Reformation.
The monks, in fact, opposed to the religious reforms of the next period.
Moreover, with the dissolution of the monasteries, was reduced the presence and influence of the clergy in Parliament.
On the cultural level, it was a genocide.
Many works of art and literature of the Middle Ages, the English were lost.
Were lost many writings of the life of the English Middle Ages.
Were also destroyed relics and works of art.
Entire era was destroyed within four years.
Kind regards.
Bibliography:
http://clasmerdin.blogspot.it/2011/11/last-abbot-of-glastonbury.html .
http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissoluzione_dei_monasteri_in_Inghilterra .
http://www.britainexpress.com/History/tudor/supremacy-henry-text.htm .
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